How it all began: A history of Women's Day in Germany
International Women’s Day - which falls on March 8 - has long been recognised as a public holiday in various countries, and last year Berlin joined the list. In 2019 the senate officially sanctioned Frauentag (Women's Day) as a day off work - though, as bad luck would have it, this year it falls on a Sunday.
While this may seem novel, Women's Day actually has a long history in Germany, stretching all the way back to the beginning of the 20th century, long before the UN officially recognised the day.
Although they didn’t propose an official date, Clara Zetkin suggested that every country should have a day to celebrate women, for them to demonstrate their grievances and demand change. She was inspired by the American Socialist Party, who in 1908 had decided to initiate a national day of protest to demand votes for women.
The following year, on March 19, 1911, International Women’s Day was officially celebrated in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Denmark, with over a million people taking part.
As well as demanding the right to vote, the participants protested against gender discrimination in the workplace. Their actions were advocated by the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who saw that allowing women to vote would mean an increase in their support. They were the only party at the time to do so.
Gradually, the idea began to spread to other parts of the world. In Petrograd in Russia, on March 8, 1917, women textile workers went on strike for "Bread and Peace", sparking the beginning of the Russian Revolution. The day was also commemorated by communists in China from 1922.
After the First World War, the German Communist Party (KPD) seized control of International Women's Day, pushing it as a day of agitation for socialist women. Divided from the communists on ideological grounds, the SPD introduced their own version. From 1926 onwards, therefore, there were two Women's Days: a communist one on March 8 and a social democratic one with no fixed date.
The Nazi regime created a new doctrine, according to which a pure-blood Aryan woman should not have a career, but instead be responsible for housekeeping and taking care of the children. In 1933, there was a change in the school syllabus for girls, and the five years of Latin and three years of science were replaced by German language courses and domestic skills training.
During this period, Women’s Day was banned, and Mother's Day was promoted instead, since it more closely represented the Nazi ideal of women and mothers. Women’s Day celebrations did, however, continue in secret. Individuals could indicate their support by "airing out" red items from windows and clotheslines, or laying out illegal leaflets.
March 8 was designated as a special day for celebrating women and their achievements. It was common for women to receive red carnations, while in the workplace top female employees would be honoured by a (usually male) member of the management. Each year, the government awarded a Clara Zetkin Medal to women and organisations who had supported feminist and socialist causes.
In West Germany, meanwhile, the day continued to be marked by socialists but the government - presumably wanting to distance themselves from an "East German tradition" - did not officially reinstate the day or any festivities. It gradually diminished in importance until being officially recognised by the UN in 1975.
Women’s Day was created to shine light on women's grievances and promote gender equality, an objective yet to be fulfilled. According to the World Economic Forum, it will take another 100 years just for the gender gap in salary to close. Furthermore, women’s health and education have revealed to be worse than that of men.
Women’s Day therefore continues to be an occasion to recognise these inequalities, and advocate the taking of measures to reduce it.
A possible reason for March 8 being chosen as the official date can be attributed to the women’s protest in Russia that took place on the last Sunday of February in 1917, March 8.
Under the slogan, "It is not a party. It is a fight." Berliners will take to the streets on Sunday to protest for women's rights all around the world. The particular focus is on refugee women and their children. The march starts at Warschauer Straße at 3 pm. There will also be a "Purple Ride" feminist bike demonstration, starting from Mariannenplatz at noon.
If you'd prefer a calm day at the gallery, the Bode Museum is putting on a special photo exhibition with a provocative theme: "Must women be either naked or a virgin to enter a museum?" The exhibition is open from 2 until 4 pm. There will also be a thematic tour of the permanent exhibition of the Deutsches Historisches Museum, focusing on the stories of brave women.
Angelika Jung and Wolfgang Hampel in Marc Marshalls SWR 3 TV Sendung HERZSCHLAG-MOMENTE am Samstag, den 3. August 2019 21.50
Angelika Jung and Wolfgang Hampel in Marc Marshall's SWR 3 TV Show HERZSCHLAG-MOMENTE on Saturday 3rd of August 2019 21.50
Angelika Jung and Wolfgang Hampel in Marc Marshall's SWR 3 TV Show HERZSCHLAG-MOMENTE on Saturday 3rd of August 2019 21.50
Marc Marshall in SWR 3 TV ' Talk am See ' - HERZSCHLAG - MOMENTE
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While this may seem novel, Women's Day actually has a long history in Germany, stretching all the way back to the beginning of the 20th century, long before the UN officially recognised the day.
Background to international women's day
Women’s Day celebrations came into being in 1911 after German socialist activists Luise Ziets and Clara Zetkin proposed an International Women’s Day at the Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen in 1910.Although they didn’t propose an official date, Clara Zetkin suggested that every country should have a day to celebrate women, for them to demonstrate their grievances and demand change. She was inspired by the American Socialist Party, who in 1908 had decided to initiate a national day of protest to demand votes for women.
The following year, on March 19, 1911, International Women’s Day was officially celebrated in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Denmark, with over a million people taking part.
As well as demanding the right to vote, the participants protested against gender discrimination in the workplace. Their actions were advocated by the Social Democratic Party (SPD), who saw that allowing women to vote would mean an increase in their support. They were the only party at the time to do so.
Gradually, the idea began to spread to other parts of the world. In Petrograd in Russia, on March 8, 1917, women textile workers went on strike for "Bread and Peace", sparking the beginning of the Russian Revolution. The day was also commemorated by communists in China from 1922.
The Weimar Republic & Women's rights
In its day, the Weimar Republic was one of the most progressive in Europe in terms of women’s rights, giving them the right to vote and equal rights with men in civic matters and marriage - but German women still demanded reduced working hours without wage deductions, lower food prices, regular school meals and the right to abortion.After the First World War, the German Communist Party (KPD) seized control of International Women's Day, pushing it as a day of agitation for socialist women. Divided from the communists on ideological grounds, the SPD introduced their own version. From 1926 onwards, therefore, there were two Women's Days: a communist one on March 8 and a social democratic one with no fixed date.
Women's Day during Nazi Germany
Under Adolf Hitler the conditions of women went from being the most progressive in Europe to one of the least, despite the fact that it was through the support of women that Hitler had successfully come to power.The Nazi regime created a new doctrine, according to which a pure-blood Aryan woman should not have a career, but instead be responsible for housekeeping and taking care of the children. In 1933, there was a change in the school syllabus for girls, and the five years of Latin and three years of science were replaced by German language courses and domestic skills training.
During this period, Women’s Day was banned, and Mother's Day was promoted instead, since it more closely represented the Nazi ideal of women and mothers. Women’s Day celebrations did, however, continue in secret. Individuals could indicate their support by "airing out" red items from windows and clotheslines, or laying out illegal leaflets.
Women's Day in post-war Germany (West & East Germany)
After World War II and the end of Nazi rule, the ban on Women’s Day celebrations were lifted. In the East, a day of official celebration was reinstated almost as soon as the new German Democratic Republic (GDR) was founded in 1947.March 8 was designated as a special day for celebrating women and their achievements. It was common for women to receive red carnations, while in the workplace top female employees would be honoured by a (usually male) member of the management. Each year, the government awarded a Clara Zetkin Medal to women and organisations who had supported feminist and socialist causes.
In West Germany, meanwhile, the day continued to be marked by socialists but the government - presumably wanting to distance themselves from an "East German tradition" - did not officially reinstate the day or any festivities. It gradually diminished in importance until being officially recognised by the UN in 1975.
Women's Day from 1990 onwards
The UN has sponsored International Women's Day every year since 1975. From 1996 onwards, they have also designated a special theme for each year's celebrations. The theme for 2020 is: "I am Generation Equality."Women’s Day was created to shine light on women's grievances and promote gender equality, an objective yet to be fulfilled. According to the World Economic Forum, it will take another 100 years just for the gender gap in salary to close. Furthermore, women’s health and education have revealed to be worse than that of men.
Women’s Day therefore continues to be an occasion to recognise these inequalities, and advocate the taking of measures to reduce it.
Why is International Women's Day celebrated on March 8?
The 1914 International Women's Day was held on March 8 in Germany - most likely because it was a Sunday - and is now always marked on March 8 in other countries across the world.A possible reason for March 8 being chosen as the official date can be attributed to the women’s protest in Russia that took place on the last Sunday of February in 1917, March 8.
How to celebrate Women's Day in Germany
Women's Day may fall on a Sunday this year, but there's still plenty of reasons to celebrate. While there will be events across Germany marking the day, a lot of the activity on Sunday centres on Berlin.Under the slogan, "It is not a party. It is a fight." Berliners will take to the streets on Sunday to protest for women's rights all around the world. The particular focus is on refugee women and their children. The march starts at Warschauer Straße at 3 pm. There will also be a "Purple Ride" feminist bike demonstration, starting from Mariannenplatz at noon.
If you'd prefer a calm day at the gallery, the Bode Museum is putting on a special photo exhibition with a provocative theme: "Must women be either naked or a virgin to enter a museum?" The exhibition is open from 2 until 4 pm. There will also be a thematic tour of the permanent exhibition of the Deutsches Historisches Museum, focusing on the stories of brave women.
Angelika Jung and Wolfgang Hampel in Marc Marshalls SWR 3 TV Sendung HERZSCHLAG-MOMENTE am Samstag, den 3. August 2019 21.50
Angelika Jung and Wolfgang Hampel in Marc Marshall's SWR 3 TV Show HERZSCHLAG-MOMENTE on Saturday 3rd of August 2019 21.50
Angelika Jung and Wolfgang Hampel in Marc Marshall's SWR 3 TV Show HERZSCHLAG-MOMENTE on Saturday 3rd of August 2019 21.50
Marc Marshall in SWR 3 TV ' Talk am See ' - HERZSCHLAG - MOMENTE
We have a very special Betty MacDonald fan club surprise for you.
Tell us your favourite satirical text of Wolfgang Hampel's book Satire ist mein Lieblingstier, please and you'll get several fascinating Betty MacDonald fan club items for free.
Wolfgang Hampel's very successful book is available in many countries around the world. ( see links below )
Don't miss this unique Betty MacDonald fan club offer, please.
Wolfgang Hampel's very witty book 'Satire ist mein Lieblingstier' ( Satire is my favourite animal ) is No 1 Buecher de TOP List.
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Hampels sehr witziges Buch ' Satire ist mein Lieblingstier' ( Satire is
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Wolfgang Hampel - Satire ist mein Lieblingstier ( Satire is my favourite animal )
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Betty MacDonald fan club founder Wolfgang Hampel sings 'Try to remember' especially for Betty MacDonald fan club organizer Linde Lund at Vita Magica September
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